What is exsurge domini?

Exsurge Domini is a papal bull issued by Pope Leo X in 1520. It was a response to the teachings of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. The bull condemned 41 of Luther's teachings as heretical and gave him 60 days to recant or face excommunication. The document became one of the chief symbols of the growing conflict between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Despite its intention, the bull failed to suppress the Reformation and instead contributed to its growth and the eventual split of the Christian Church.